六级匹配阅读高分攻略
出自专栏《大学英语，疯狂学》
匹配阅读的主要问题在于两点：
1.时间太紧，六级整体时间都是非常紧张的，很多同学都跟我说做不完，而六级的匹配阅读，文章长，本身单词难度也较大，选项多而长，导致很多同学在上面浪费了很多时间，还做不对。我相信，很多同学只要给他足够的时间，他是可以做对一大半的（全对还是有一定难度）。
我们要做到 25 分钟之内去解决它，超过 25 分钟必然会影响到其他单项，而匹配阅读的分值不值得你花那么长的时间。
2.缺乏方法指导，四级的匹配阅读难度很低，选项少，并且其他项目带一带，也就过了。但是六级匹配阅读选项多，文章难，导致很多同学不了解相关方法，只能硬着头皮去做，再加上时间紧，考场上比较慌，所以得分并不好。
今天就给到大家具体的方法技巧，让大家彻底攻克六级匹配阅读
一、六级匹配阅读特点（知己知彼）
1.文章长度：1000-1200 单词
2.段落多（弹性大）：8-19 个段落都有可能。（最多到 P 段）
3.题目多：10 道题
4.所有段落都会使用吗？ 不会！
6.有的段落可以用 2 次或多次吗？
答：有的段落可以使用 2 次，但是没有段落可以使用多次（2 次及 2 次以上）。并且能够使用 2 次的段落一定少于等于 2 个段落。（听着有点拗口）
如果你做题的时候发现有 3 个段落你选了 2 次，那就有问题了，因为使用 2 次的段落少于或等于 2 个
7.所有段落选项都不是原文信息的曲解或篡改
匹配阅读跟仔细阅读不同，它不会篡改内容从而干扰你，它给的所有选项都是符合原文内容的，都是对原文的精确改写，概括，或总结。
所以，在做段落匹配的时候，只要发现一个选项和原文 70% 以上重复了，它就一定是正确答案！（所以匹配阅读题不要抠太细，做马虎一点是完全没有问题的）
二、匹配阅读解题方法（分 3 个步骤，包括审题都在里面）
第 1 步，精读题目
先问一个问题：一次看几道题？
是读 1 题做 1 题？还是读 3 题做 3 题？还是读 5 题做 5 题？题目全看完，你又记不住。
正确做法：不管你记不记得住，上来先把 10 道题读一遍。因为你读一道题，做一道意味着你每读一道题，都要把所有题目都过一遍，这是非常可怕的，所以建议上来把十道题都审一遍，接下来怎么做，我继续说。
具体方法：
①快速精读 10 道题目，划主干，做标记，然后反复默念你划的单词。
如何划主干？下面是重点：
选项中，名词为主（主语+宾语），比较级，最高级，only，数字，大写（专有名词），生词
（以上是审选项的关键，做好笔记！）
优先定位：数字（时间）、大写（专有名词）、生词的题目的出处
举个例子：
时间（数字）：1985，more then 30years（都是表示时间的定位词，这种定位词，我们都要优先划出来。）
大写（专有名词）：Wall Street 这个单词在某个选项中出现，并且原文从头到尾只出现一次，那么答案就是它！如果这个专有名词再选项中出现了 2-3 次，则我们作上标记，再去考虑怎么处理。如果专有名词出现了 3 次以上（比如出现了 8 次），我们就不理它！
生词：原文中出现生词，并且选项中生词后面有中文注释，则答案一定是它！
如果选项中出现 150 words，原文中出现：one hundred and fifty words，这就算是对应，这时，再有一个单词，选项与原文对应，那么这就是正确选项！
注意：做标记，越少越好。（控制在三处左右，也就是你划的内容不要超过三处）
反复默念：做好标记之后，心中反复默念你标记的单词：比方说，网络，上瘾，工作效率（这是你划的三处标记）。这个操作是有讲究的，你反复重复后，你才对选项有真正的印象。
第 2 步，速读文章
顺序读文章，定位题干关键词（注意有中文注释、数字、人名、比较等的地方）
第 3 步，反复翻看对比
迅速浏览题干关键词，对比题干和原文，确定答案
三、求胜关键
1.快读，做到不求甚解，要克服一些「不良的阅读习惯」。不需要你完全看懂文章。
不良的阅读习惯有：
指读：拿笔或手指照着文章一点一点读。（说的就是你！）
唇读：嘴小声地一个单词一个单词去看文章。
心读：在心里，一个单词一个单词去读文章。
边读边翻译：匹配阅读要做到「不求甚解」。
如果上述四种情况你有的话，你做匹配阅读的时间肯定不止 25 分钟了。
2.信息匹配
选项与原文如果有 3 处的分散信息点对应，那它就是答案。如果有一处对应点是数字，或者是专有名词，或者是带有中文注释的生词，则再加一处信息点对应（2 点对应即可）就是答案！
3.舍得
在对比选项与原文的过程中，发现只有 1-2 处单词的重复，仔细去看，发现选项的大意和原文大意是不一样的（idea 不同），或者内容有明显缺失。
遇到这种情况，我们怎么办？赶紧跑！（这是典型的坑，想坑你，不能上当！）
4.大量重复
若四个单词重复，并且 4 个单词基本连续出现，那它一定是答案（匹配阅读 10 道题，有 8 道题是比较简单的。）
举个例子：原文：according to a recent survey。选项：according to a survey，这就叫基本连续重复。
5.同义替换：近义词，派生词，概括
举个例子：
原文中出现 1985，选项中出现 more then 30years，这就是典型的同义替换。
「繁荣有序的社会」和「好」也算是同义替换
派生词：suggest 改成 suggestion，动词改名词，就是派生词
6.部分名词不好替换
在标记选项中，尽可能多划名词
7.有中文注释的句子可能就是答案（题目中的生词）
四、真题示范：
首先是审选项：
审选项方法：快速读题目，划主干，做标记（越少越好）
有助于快速定位的信息：
1. 数字（时间）
2.专有名词
3.all,most(people),only,比较级，最高级
4.表示「趋势」的一些单词
46. Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.
你应该标记的是：
46. Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.然后尝试在文中先定位！
G) Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants areasked to describe an ethical dilemma they』ve faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity―a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option: write on a topic of your choice.
然后我们根据 500words 定位到 G 段，是不是答案呢？根据我们之前的原则：
一个数字，加上修饰的名词 words 对应，数字+名词两处对应，答案就是它，速度一定要快！不要纠结，因为我之前说过匹配阅读有 8 个都是给分的选项。
47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have movedthe traditional deadline to earlier dates.
你应该划的是：
47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional deadline to earlier dates.
这句话大致的意思是：大学招生最近的变化是截止日期提前了。
所以我们找到最核心的单词，最近的变化，传统的截止日期，提前
这时候同学们还要思考，traditional 和 deadline 是不是不太好替换的两个单词，而 earlier 可能会有各种各样的变化了。比如：move from early Sept to early July，把 earlier 替换成一个具体的时间。
所以读题的时候不要盲目地去读，要带有一定的思考。
48. Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.
你应该划的是：
48. Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.我估计 sway 你不认识
翻译过来就是：论文怎么着了招生委员会（动词不认识）
49. Applicants are usually better off if they can write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.
你应该划的是：
49. Applicants are usually better off if they can write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.
因为 essay 之前划过，所以这里就不划了（你要划也可以，但是不要超过 3 处）
better off，你应该能理解它有「有利于」的意思
distinguish 等于 differentiate 或 make different。注意它可能会有同义替换
50. Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what baby boomers knew.
你应该划的是：
50. Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what baby boomers knew.
这是一个并列句（not only，but also）,那么你记住，并列句，看一半，所以我划的是 competition 和 intense，如果你看后一半，就划 process 和 different。
优先划 process 和 different，因为句子中有一个 baby boomer，这是一个很难替换的单词，尽管你可能不认识
51. In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.
你应该划的是：
51. In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.
J) 「It drives you crazy, how easily kids slip into clichés(老生常谈),」says Boshoven. 「They don』t realize how typical their experiences arc. 『I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival.』『My grandfather served in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday.』That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay, it』s nothing. You』ll lose the reader in the first paragraph.」
首先出现了 clichés，又在前面都出现了 slip into。所以根据我们之前的原则：生词重复，并且前面出现了单词的重复（2 处重复），则答案一定是它。
52. According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant』s grades highly important.
你应该划的是：
52. According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant』s grades highly important.
最核心的部分，心理默念：调查，分数，重要。grades 可能替换的单词有 mark,test score 等
53. Although the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in the college』sdecision-making process.
你应该划的是：
53. Although the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in the college』s decision-making process.
前面再次提到 essay，我就不再划了，因为是否定句，所以 not important 都要划。
decision-making process 可能替换的是：process of making decisions
54. The question you aresupposed to write about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should center around its impact on you.
你应该划的是：
54. The question you aresupposed to write about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should center around its impact on you.
这是一个典型的并列句，所以找其中的一半去划就可以了。我们优先寻找比较难替换的部分去确定。因为前一半有一个 outside the self，尤其这个 self 很少见。
55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.
你应该划的是：
55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.
old days 可以替换成前面讲到过的 1988（具体的年份），后面有一个限定词 only
心中默念：过去要交一个样本来体现写作能力。
接下来我们依次比对原文：
A) Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D.C., where lawyer-moms are thick on the ground. Her son Doug is one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov. 1,and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanying the application. According to college folklore, a well-turned essay has the power to seduce (诱惑) an admissions committee. 「He wanted to do one thing at a time,」Meg says, explaining her son』s delay. 「But really, my son is a huge procrastinator (拖延者). The essay is the hardest thing to do, so he』s put it off the longest.」Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic (痛苦的).
看到一个 deadline，与 47 题有一个词的对应，继续找
然后又出现从 11 月 1 号和十月初，注意这里只是说一个日期，并没有说日期提前，所以这里并不能作为答案依据。
然后后文又出现了论文怎么了招生委员会，essay has the power to seduce (诱惑) an admissions committee. 所以与 48 题对应，并且与 48 题选项结构一模一样，有三个单词对应，所以 48 题的答案是 A
47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional deadline to earlier dates.
48. Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.
后面还继续读吗？要继续读，因为一个段落可能会有两个答案对应，所以还要继续读。但是你发现后面是没有单词与之前的选项对应，所以这一个段落结束。
来到下一段：
B）Back in the good old days—say, two years ago, when the last of my children suffered the ordeal （折磨）—a high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all the way to New Year's Day of their senior year, assuming they could withstand the parental pestering （烦扰）.But things change fast in the nail-biting world of college admissions.The recent trend toward early decision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for many students.
上来出现了一个 old days，与 55 题有一个单词对应，但是后文就没有单词再与 55 题对应了，所以 B 段不能作为 55 题的正确答案。
然后发现又出现了 deadline，与 47 题对应，再接着看：
traditional deadline 也对应
然后又说，the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December 把一月份的时间提前到 11 月或 12 月的早些时候，完全对应，所以 47 题的答案是 B
55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.
47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional deadline to earlier dates.
再看下一题：
C）If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panic remains what it has always been. And it's not the application itself. A college application is a relatively straightforward questionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history employment history. It would all be innocent enough—20 minutes of busy work—except it comes attached to a personal essay.
出现了一个 anxiety，与 53 题一个单词对应，但是，后面并没有一个单词与 53 题对应，所以 C 选项不是 53 题的正确答案。
并且全篇没有和其他题目对应，所以 C 选项暂时跳过。
53. Although the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in the college』s decision-making process.
再看 D 段：
D）"There are good reasons it causes such anxiety," says Lisa Sohmer, director of college counseling at the Garden School in Jackson Heights, N.Y. "It's not just the actual writing. By noweverything else is already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. But the essay is something you can still control, and it's open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite." Or stall and stall and stall.
又出现了 anxiety，但是只有一个单词与 53 题对应，所以暂时不理。
往下看，看到 grades，又看到 test scores，与 52 题对应，一个单词对应，继续往下看：
并没有其他单词对应，我们至少要保证两处信息对应上才能选，所以这一段也暂时跳过。
52. According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant』s grades highly important.
再看 E 段：
E）The application essay, along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s,when only one in 10 Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissions committee was content to ask for a sample of applicants‟ school papers to assess their writing ability. By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to one school over another.
这一道题上来看到 1390s，很容易想到 old days，又看到了 only，然后我们看到了一个非常难替换的单词 sample，又出现了 writing ability。四处对应，所以后面不看了答案一定是它！55 题的答案是 E。
55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.
再看 F 段
F）Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and four-year institutions. Even apart from the increased competition, the kids enter a process that has been utterly transformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online, and the Common Application provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools, including the nation‟s most selective.
看到了 competition，一个单词对应，然后是 process，两处对应，然后一个非常难替换的单词，baby boomers 三处对应，并且这个单词非常难替换，不需要犹豫，50 题的答案就是 F
接着往下读，没有单词在题目中提及，所以 F 只能是 50 题的正确答案。
50. Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what baby boomers knew.
再看 G 段
G）Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants are asked to describe an ethical dilemma they've faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity―a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option: write on a topic of your choice.
第一行出现了 500words，与 36 题 five hundred words 对应。并且是数字且两个单词对应，46 题正确答案就是 G！
接下往下看，并没有单词再出现，所以 G 段只能是 46 题的正确答案。
46. Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.
再看 H 段：
H）"Boys in particular look at the other questions and say, Oh, that's too much work," says John Boshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor, Mich., public schools. "They think if they do a topic of their choice, "I'll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay!‟ And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous."
只出现了一个 essay，再没有单词与其他题目中的单词对应，所以 H 段没有出题。
再看 I 段
I）Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of "don'ts" in essay writing is much longer than the "dos.""No book reports, no history papers, no character studies,"says Sohmer.
I 段也没有单词与其他题目中的单词对应，所以 I 段也没有出题。
再看 J 段：
J）"It drives you crazy, how easily kids slip into clichés(老生常谈)," says Boshoven. "They don't realize how typical their experiences arc. I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival." My grandfather served in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday."That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay, it's nothing. You‟ll lose the reader in the first paragraph."
已经讲过了，往前翻：J 段是 51 题的正确答案。
51. In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.
J 段后面再没有出现单词与其他题目对应，所以 J 段只能是 51 题的正确答案。
再看 K 段
K）"The greatest strength you bring to this essay,"says the College Board‟s how-to book, "is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU ... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny every morning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror.」 Thekey word in the Common Application prompts is "you."
K 段也没有单词与其他题目中的单词对应，所以 K 段也没有出题。
再看 L 段
L）The college admission essay contains the grandest American themes―status anxiety, parental piety （孝顺）, intellectual standards—and so it is only a matter of time before it becomes infected by the country‟s culture of excessive concern with self-esteem. Even if the question isostensibly （表面上） about something outside the self (describe a fictional character or solve a problem of geopolitics), the essay invariably returns to the favorite topic: what is its impact on YOU?